Nigeria’s equities market has stabilized following a historic crash that wiped ₦4.641 trillion off the Nigerian Exchange (NGX). The recovery comes after swift intervention by the Finance Ministry halted the worst market decline since March 2010. Investors regained confidence as market indicators showed strong rebounds in subsequent trading sessions.

Historic Market Meltdown

On November 11, 2025, the NGX suffered unprecedented losses. Market capitalization plunged from ₦94.526 trillion to ₦89.885 trillion in a single day. The All-Share Index dropped 7,454.6 points (5.01%) – the steepest fall in 15 years. This followed earlier weekly losses of ₦2.8 trillion and ₦964 billion respectively.

Sector-Wide Impact

Virtually all major stocks and sectors experienced significant declines:

Top stocks: Dangote Cement (-10%), MTN Nigeria (-10%), BUA Cement (-10%), GTCO (-8%)
Sector losses: Industrial (-8.5%), Banking (-7.3%), Oil and Gas (-4.6%), Insurance (-4.3%)

Causes of Investor Panic

Analysts identified two primary triggers for the sell-off. First, fears about a proposed 30% Capital Gains Tax on stock transactions. Second, geopolitical tensions from threats by former U.S. President Donald Trump. These factors combined with year-end portfolio adjustments to create widespread panic.

Government Intervention

Finance Minister Wale Edun addressed concerns during the Closing Gong Ceremony for MREIF Series 2 listing. He urged calm amid “cautious trading,” assuring investors about ongoing tax discussions: “We’ve noted concerns around Capital Gains Tax. We’ll engage with the market to ensure optimal outcomes for Nigerians and investors.”

Swift Market Recovery

Edun’s intervention sparked immediate recovery:

November 12: ₦2.5 trillion regained
November 13: Additional ₦1 trillion profit
November 14: Further ₦20 billion gain

Market capitalization rebounded to ₦94.5 trillion within days, nearly erasing the historic loss.

Expert Advice to Investors

Financial analyst Omiete Inko-Tariah cautioned against emotional decisions: “Money doesn’t disappear during meltdowns – it changes hands from fearful to patient investors. Never panic sell.” He noted the market still showed 40% year-to-date gains despite the crash.

Inko-Tariah advised strategic thinking: “When everyone dumps good stocks, wealth transfers to informed investors. Crashes reset prices, creating rare buying opportunities. Remember – you’re buying businesses, not stock prices. Smart investors capitalize on fear.”